If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly. Interestingly in children with a severe asthma exacerbation, the addition of IV aminophylline to beta-agonists and corticosteroids im- proves lung function within 6 hours of treatment. Drug Saf. In Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs: The International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions (Fifteenth Edition), 2006. This medicine is used to treat the symptoms of asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly. The adverse effects of theophylline include nausea (most common), vomiting, tremor, headache, central nervous system stimulation, insomnia, palpitations, arrhythmias, and convulsion (rare). Toxic (unwanted) side effects. Clinical pharmacokinetics of beta-agonists. Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking theophylline: Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms of overdose occur while taking theophylline: Some side effects of theophylline may occur that usually do not need medical attention. Some of the adverse effects associated with theophylline appear to be mediated by inhibition of PDE III (e.g., hypotension, tachycardia, headache, and emesis) and adenosine receptor antagonism (e.g., alterations in cerebral blood flow). The concurrent administration of caffeine to patients taking theophylline may produce excessive caffeine-like side effects, such as nausea, irritability or nervousness. Theophylline may cause these conditions to get worse. Adverse effects can occur with plasma theophylline concentrations of 10 mg/L to 20 mg/L. Theophylline is a relatively poor bronchodilator, as adverse effects limit the dose and make it less effective than inhaled bronchodilators. 1 doctor agrees. Because of problems with side effects, there have been attempts to improve on theophylline, and recently there has been increasing interest in selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, which have the possibility of improving the beneficial and reducing the adverse effects of theophylline. Adenosine antagonism is likely to account for some of the serious side effects of theophylline, such as seizures and cardiac arrhythmias through blockade of A 1 receptors. Lactation: Theophylline is excreted into breast milk and may cause irritability or other signs of mild toxicity in nursing human infants; serious adverse effects in … These signs include seizures and … Adverse effects The use of theophylline is complicated by its interaction with various drugs and by the fact that it has a narrow therapeutic window. Psychiatric disorders such as anxiety. See a GP if your side effects persist, as your dose may need to be adjusted. Plasma-theophylline concentration is measured 5 days after starting oral treatment and at least 3 days after any dose adjustment. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Side Effects to Report. Theophylline in overdose can cause vomiting (which may be severe and intractable), agitation, restlessness, dilated pupils, sinus tachycardia, and hyperglycaemia. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. If necessary, the infusion could be temporarily stopped for 12-24 hours until theophylline adverse effects subsided. It can also be given intravenously (into a vein) for treatment for severe asthma attacks or COPD exacerbations. Theophylline Er Side Effects Nausea/vomiting, stomach/abdominal pain, headache, trouble sleeping, diarrhea, irritability, restlessness, nervousness, shaking, or increased urination may occur. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. Many patients experience minor adverse effects of theophylline therapy, and for this reason the drug is usually only prescribed for the prevention of asthma attacks, after other anti-asthma drugs have failed. Stimulate central nervous system, especially the medullaryrespiratory center By relaxing the smooth muscles of the airways, Theophylline widens the bronchi and permits your cat to increase the oxygen int… "Product Information. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 2 Feb 2021), Cerner Multum™ (updated 3 Feb 2021), ASHP (updated 29 Jan 2021) and others. Asthma deaths and theophylline/beta2-agonist therapy. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. License: Except as otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License.For commercial use or customized versions, please contact biobyte solutions GmbH.. Disclaimer: The content of this database of side effects (adverse drug reactions) is intended for educational and scientific research purposes only. Theophylline Adverse Effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. THEOPHYLLINE is a bronchodilator. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. headaches. It facilitates respiration by widening bronchial tubes and relaxing muscles. Before starting this treatment, read the manufacturer's printed information leaflet from inside the pack. The Yellow Card Scheme allows you to report side effects of any medicine you're taking. Adverse effects of theophylline-beta agonist interactions. Increase blood flow in the kidneys 6. The combination of theophylline and ephedrine was described in a 1940 publication . Mild toxicity = GI distress and restlessness; More severe toxicity = dysrhythmias and seizures . Clin Pharmacokinet. -Seizures in patients with serum theophylline under 20 mcg/mL were generally milder (than those from overdose) such as being transient, not requiring anticonvulsants, and no neurological residuals. Adverse effects can occur within the range 10–20 mg/litre and both the frequency and severity increase at concentrations above 20 mg/litre.  |  Theophylline is a prescription medication that’s used to treat asthmatic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure in dogs.It is a bronchodilator used to reduce inflammation and swelling of muscles in the lungs and chest. However, a plasma concentration in this range is required in most people to achieve a satisfactory clinical effect. Adverse effects related to theophylline use are related directly to serum level of the drug. 5 Recently there has been interest in using theophylline at a low dose in COPD to achieve plasma levels of 1 to 5 mg/L. Current research regarding theophylline-based therapies are oriented towards employing theophylline, as well as other methylxanthines as natural scaffolding for new bronchodilatory pharmaceuticals. Not much is yet known about the adverse effects of this medicine, but the following effects are possible: 1. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Below is a summary of known side effects for Theophylline. PMID: This action appears to be due to enhancement of calcium uptake through an … These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Deriphyllin is the brand name for the combination of two very similar generic drugs: etophylline and theophylline 1 2 3. -Seizures in elderly patients with serum theophylline under 20 mcg/mL may be due to decreased protein binding causing higher unbound (pharmacologically active) theophylline levels. BACKGROUND: Although theophylline is recommended by current guidelines for the management of asthma in patients with persistent symptoms, theophylline has a narrow therapeutic index, requiring individual dose titration and regular monitoring of serum theophylline concentrations to avoid adverse effects. Theophylline is considered a component of a treatment plan. You may report them to the FDA. Reporting side effects . What side effects can this medication cause? Gastrointestinal disturbances, reported in 7.8 percent of the recipients, were the most common adverse effects. Theophylline has a very narrow therapeutic window, and its interaction with various other drugs has led to the limitation of its use. Dr. Herbert Duvivier answered. Increased urination Symptoms of nervous system excitement (such as anxiety and insomnia) and stomach upset tend to pass with repeated use and adjustment of the dosage. Intensify blood pressure 5. They’re fast, easy-to-use and free! Like all medicines, theophylline can cause side effects for some people. Diarrhea 5. Commonly reported side effects of theophylline include: acid-base imbalance. Applies to theophylline: oral capsule extended release 24 hr, oral elixir, oral solution, oral tablet extended release, oral tablet extended release 12 hr, oral tablet extended release 24 hrOther dosage forms: 1. intravenous solutionAlong with its needed effects, theophylline may cause some unwanted effects. This is of practical importance, since 1.3% of pregnant women have asthma. Chest. In fact, a medical history book recorded that people started to drink tea to prevent respiratory diseases several hundreds years ago. Theophylline is a relatively poor bronchodilator, as adverse effects limit the dose and make it less effective than inhaled bronchodilators. 1988 Sep;26(3):285-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1988.tb05279.x. NLM [Ref], Very common (10% or more): Vomiting (93% in acute overdose, 61% with chronic overdose), abdominal pain (21% in acute overdose, 12% with chronic overdose), diarrhea (14% with chronic overdose), Common (1% to 10%): Hematemesis (2% with chronic overdose), Frequency not reported: Nausea, vomiting, persistent vomiting (at serum concentrations over 20 mcg/mL), diarrhea[Ref], Very common (10% or more): Tremors (38% in acute overdose, 16% with chronic overdose), seizures (14% in acute overdose, 14% with chronic overdose), Frequency not reported: Headache, intractable seizures (at serum concentrations over 20 mcg/mL), seizures[Ref], Very common (10% or more): Hyperglycemia (98% in acute overdose, 18% with chronic overdose), hypokalemia (85% in acute overdose, 44% with chronic overdose), acid/base disturbance (34% in acute overdose, 9% with chronic overdose), Frequency not reported: Hypercalcemia (in a hyperthyroid patient), hypervolemia[Ref], Very common (10% or more): Nervousness (64% in acute overdose, 21% with chronic overdose), disorientation (7% in acute overdose, 12% with chronic overdose), Frequency not reported: Insomnia, irritability, restlessness[Ref], Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Rhabdomyolysis (7% in acute overdose), Frequency not reported: Fine skeletal muscle tremors[Ref], Very common (10% or more): Death (21% in acute overdose, 10% with chronic overdose), Frequency not reported: Febrile response[Ref], Frequency not reported: Transient diuresis[Ref], Frequency not reported: Infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation[Ref]. Theophylline, despite its adverse effects and narrow therapeutic range, as discussed above, is still a potent bronchodilator. Adverse CNS effects, which are often more severe in children than in adults, include headache, irritability, restlessness, nervousness, insomnia, dizziness, reflex hyperexcitability, and seizures. Side effects of theophylline at peak serum concentration less than 20 mcg/mL include: Central nervous system excitement, headache , insomnia , irritability, restlessness, seizure Diarrhea , nausea , vomiting Adverse effects such as tremors, insomnia, seizures, or cardiac arrhythmias are also possible when excessive dosages of caffeine are taken concurrently with theophylline. Common side effects of Elixophyllin include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, irritability, flushing, and palpitations. Theophylline (theophylline)." Last updated on Sep 2, 2020. Its use must be monitored by direct measurement of serum theophylline levels to avoid toxicity. B. Braun Medical, Irvine, CA. -A few seizures have been reported in patients with underlying neurological disease or in elderly patients with serum theophylline under 20 mcg/mL. Available for Android and iOS devices.  |  The lowest GoodRx price for the most common version of theophylline ER is around $63.80, 78% off the average retail price of $297.84. Careful product selection, the slow progressive titration of dose over nine days, and the accurate measurement and interpretation of serum theophylline concentration can prevent adverse effects and interactions. Thus, enprofylline and theophylline seem to have comparable bronchodilator properties and side-effects in the long-term treatment of asthma. The leaflet will give you more information about theophylline and a full list of side-effects which you may experience from taking it. In addition, beta agonists and methylxanthines can interact to potentiate or lessen effectiveness and theoretically increase the risk to the patient. unusual tiredness or weakness. The effects listed are the most frequently encountered side effects upon taking theophylline as a broncholytic. Theophylline Er Side Effects Nausea/vomiting, stomach/abdominal pain, headache, trouble sleeping, diarrhea, irritability, restlessness, nervousness, shaking, or increased urination may occur. Intravenous Aminophylline. Although theophylline has side effects when used in bronchodilator doses, increasing evidence shows that it has significant antiinflammatory effects in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at lower plasma concentrations. However, during the 2nd week the score for headaches decreased to the same level as in the theophylline treatment group. However, there is interest in exploring its antiinflammatory effects and its potential to reverse corticosteroid resistance at lower doses that would largely avoid side effects. Side Effects for THEOPHYLLINE (theophylline anhydrous solution) are also known as adverse reactions. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. View Coupon Prices. Cats suffering from asthma will have their condition improved in more than one way. Some of the adverse effects associated with theophylline appear to be mediated by inhibition of PDE III (e.g., hypotension, tachycardia, headache, and emesis) and adenosine receptor antagonism (e.g., alterations in cerebral blood flow). Enprofylline produced more headaches during the 1st week than theophylline did. Both the frequency and severity of adverse effects increase when plasma concentrations of aminophylline or theophylline are above 20 mg/L. Theophylline is appropriate for use on cats and dogs when it is administered under the guidance of a veterinarian. Along with its needed effects, theophylline may cause some unwanted effects. 1990 Apr;18(4):270-94. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199018040-00002. Participants will be specifically asked about respiratory tract infections in the previous 12 weeks and whether bone fractures have occurred. Increase the contractility and efficiency of the myocardium 3. Pregnancy. N Engl J Med. Adverse events are generally mild when theophylline levels are under 20 mcg/mL; the most common adverse events were caffeine-like adverse effects like nausea, vomiting, headache, and insomnia. It is typically taken by mouth for the long-term control and maintenance of asthma, COPD (including emphysema and chronic bronchitis), and other chronic lung diseases. Insomnia 3. Possible side effects of theophylline. Make sure to limit your intake of caffeine because theophylline causes similar side effects like headache, feeling jittery, or trouble sleeping. Nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite are the most common signs of mild toxicity. Prices for theophylline start at just $ 33.70 with a GoodRx coupon. Theophylline-terbutaline, a steady state study on possible pharmacokinetic interactions with special reference to chronopharmacokinetic aspects. Prevention and treatment information (HHS). The main side effects of theophylline include: nausea and vomiting ; diarrhoea ; palpitations ; a rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) an irregular heartbeat ; headaches ; problems sleeping ; See a GP if you have any of these side effects, as your dose may need to be reviewed. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. shortness of breath. However, there is interest in exploring its antiinflammatory effects and its potential to reverse corticosteroid resistance at lower doses that would largely avoid side effects. [Ref], Very common (10% or more): Sinus tachycardia (up to 100% in acute overdose, up to 100% with chronic overdose), ventricular arrhythmias with hemodynamic instability (14% in acute overdose, 40% with chronic overdose), other supraventricular tachycardias (21% in acute overdose, 14% with chronic overdose), ventricular premature beats (21% in acute overdose, 19% with chronic overdose), hypotension/shock (21% in acute overdose, 8% with chronic overdose), atrial fibrillation or flutter (1% in acute overdose, 12% with chronic overdose), Common (1% to 10%): Multifocal atrial tachycardia (2% with chronic overdose), Frequency not reported: Cardiac arrhythmias (at serum concentrations over 20 mcg/mL), multifocal atrial tachycardia and flutter (at serum concentrations 15 mcg/mL and over in hypoxia secondary to COPD patients)[Ref]. Theophylline was first used for asthma therapy in the 1930’s, and provides relief today for many asthma patients without the side effects of the traditional medications. Given the low cost of theophylline, and its similar efficacy and rate of side effects compared with other drugs, we suggest that theophylline, when given with bronchodilators with or without steroids, is a cost-effective and safe choice for acute asthma exacerbations. “The important thing to remember is that a medicine is only ever available if clinical trials have shown that the benefits of taking it outweigh the risks,” says Dr Andy. Theophylline works by relaxing the smooth muscles of the airways while relieving inflammation and a… Other brands: Quibron-T/SR, Theo-24, Theo-Dur, Elixophyllin, ... +6 more, albuterol, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, Symbicort, Breo Ellipta, Ventolin HFA, Ventolin, theophylline, Dulera, Xopenex. Most commonly, the side effects of Theophylline include central nervous system excitement, vomiting, fever, … Some side effects may not be reported. Find patient medical information for theophylline oral on WebMD including its uses, side effects and safety, interactions, pictures, warnings and user ratings. How to take theophylline. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them: Applies to theophylline: compounding powder, intravenous solution, oral capsule, oral capsule extended release, oral elixir, oral solution, oral syrup, oral tablet, oral tablet extended release. HHS Etophylline -- also spelled as etofylline -- is a modified form of theophylline 2 3.Both drugs work in the same general way and have the same side effects 1.Theophylline has been available for use in the United States for decades 2. 0. 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